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The Harlem renaissance followed the pattern of the earlier Negritude movement and served as a catharsis for the previous racism which the black intellectual had experienced.  The earlier movement had noted that black people had suffered from slavery and the resulting racism led to self hatred.  Many of the writers were of the French dominated Caribbean and the American writer [many congregated in Harlem, NY] followed the same suit.  They created expressions which did not cater to the earlier forms and spoke with voices of their own.  In the simple example the word catharsis become “having a fit” and it was said openly.

We celebrate those who dare to be themself in their expressions:

Harlem Renaissance

 

Originally called the New Negro Movement, the Harlem Renaissance was a literary and intellectual flowering that fostered a new black cultural identity in the 1920s and 1930s. Critic and teacher Alain Locke described it as a “spiritual coming of age” in which the black community was able to seize upon its “first chances for group expression and self determination.”

With racism still rampant and economic opportunities scarce, creative expression was one of the few avenues available to African Americans in the early twentieth century. Chiefly literary—the birth of jazz is generally considered a separate movement—the Harlem Renaissance, according to Locke, transformed “social disillusionment to race pride.”

 

 

Perfect Timing

RELATED LINKS Black History Month Black History Timeline Crossword: African-American Writers Black Literary Figures African-American Literature African Literature

The timing of this coming-of-age was perfect. The years between World War I and the Great Depression were boom times for the United States, and jobs were plentiful in cities, especially in the North. Between 1920 and 1930, almost 750,000 African Americans left the South, and many of them migrated to urban areas in the North to take advantage of the prosperity—and the more racially tolerant environment. The Harlem section of Manhattan, which covers just 3 sq mi, drew nearly 175,000 African Americans, turning the neighborhood into the largest concentration of black people in the world.

Black-owned magazines and newspapers flourished, freeing African Americans from the constricting influences of mainstream white society. Charles S. Johnson’s Opportunity magazine became the leading voice of black culture, and W.E.B. DuBois’s journal, The Crisis, with Jessie Redmon Fauset as its literary editor, launched the literary careers of such writers as Arna Bontemps, Langston Hughes, and Countee Cullen.

Other luminaries of the period included writers Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, Rudolf Fisher, Wallace Thurman, and Nella Larsen. The movement was in part given definition by two anthologies: James Weldon Johnson’s The Book of American Negro Poetry and Alain Locke’s The New Negro.

 

 

“Our Individual Dark-Skinned Selves”

 

The white literary establishment soon became fascinated with the writers of the Harlem Renaissance and began publishing them in larger numbers. But for the writers themselves, acceptance by the white world was less important, as Langston Hughes put it, than the “expression of our individual dark-skinned selves.”

 

 

 

 

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